Gartner defines access management (AM) as platforms that include an identity provider (IdP) and establish, manage and enforce runtime access controls to at least cloud, modern standards-based web and classic web applications. AM’s purpose is to enable single sign-on (SSO) access for people (workforce, consumer and other users) and machines into protected applications in a streamlined and consistent way that enhances user experience. AM is also responsible for providing security controls to protect the user session in runtime, enforcing authentication (with multifactor authentication [MFA]) and authorization using adaptive access. Lastly, AM can provide identity context for other cybersecurity tools to enable identity-first security.
Gartner defines IGA as the enterprise solution to manage digital identity life cycle and govern user access across on-premises and cloud environments. To accomplish this, IGA tools aggregate and correlate disparate identity and access rights data that is distributed throughout the IT landscape to enhance control over human and machine access. GA’s must-have capabilities: - Identity life cycle management - Access request process - Basic analytics and reporting
Gartner defines operational technology (OT) as “hardware and software that detects or causes a change, through direct monitoring and/or control of industrial equipment, assets, processes and events”. OT security includes practices and technologies used to protect them, but these practices and technologies are now evolving into distinct categories to address the growing threats, security practices and vendor dynamics.
Password management (PM) tools are products that provide users with the means to reset their own passwords after an account lockout or when they forget their passwords. PM tools can also synchronize passwords for users across multiple systems, allowing users to access multiple applications with the same password.
Gartner defines privileged access management (PAM) as tools that administer or configure systems and applications to provide an elevated level of technical access through the management and protection of accounts, credentials and commands. PAM tools, available as software, SaaS or hardware appliances, manage privileged access for both people (system administrators and others) and machines (systems or applications). Gartner defines four distinct tool categories for PAM tools: Privileged account and session management (PASM), privilege elevation and delegation management (PEDM), secrets management and cloud infrastructure entitlement management (CIEM) .
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