Gartner defines higher education learning management systems (LMSs) as the central hub for teaching and learning technologies, offering access to a variety of tools and services both inside and outside of the platform. The LMS directs learners to learning resources, provides tools for developing and tracking assignments and assessments, and can generate reports and analytics on learner performance. The higher education LMS is designed to support the various roles involved in teaching and learning, and facilitates online collaboration and communication among learners, instructors and administrators.