E-Clinical Platforms Enable Interoperative Trial Management: Gartner defines an e-clinical platform as an integrated suite of technologies connected in a platform architecture that provides services and solutions to manage clinical trial planning and execution. Modern e-clinical platforms are typically cloud-native environments, built either as SaaS, application platform as a service (aPaaS) or a combination. Integrated suites of point solutions exist primarily to support the setup and conduct of clinical trials (see Hype Cycle for Life Science Research and Development, 2021). These capabilities consist of integrated solutions used for: Trial planning, forecasting and feasibility; Protocol design; Electronic data capture (EDC); eConsent; Clinical trial management systems (CTMS); Randomization and trial supply management systems (RTSM); Risk-based and centralized monitoring (RBM); Clinical data repository (CDR); Electronic Clinical outcomes assessment (eCOA); Statistical Compute Environment (SCE); Trial analytics and Reports; Other capabilities that support trial operations.