Gartner defines an e-clinical system as the software solutions or platforms used to conduct clinical trials, together supporting the study setup, conduct and analysis of the clinical research process. The clinical trial process begins with a protocol, which defines the trial methodology, and ends with trial results and study endpoints that support final study conclusions in a clinical study report. E-clinical systems support this end-to-end process by collecting, cleaning and interpreting clinical trial data as well as supporting other trial processes such as site monitoring, biostatistics and clinical supply.