Gartner defines access management (AM) as platforms that include an identity provider (IdP) and establish, manage and enforce runtime access controls to at least cloud, modern standards-based web and classic web applications. AM’s purpose is to enable single sign-on (SSO) access for people (workforce, consumer and other users) and machines into protected applications in a streamlined and consistent way that enhances user experience. AM is also responsible for providing security controls to protect the user session in runtime, enforcing authentication (with multifactor authentication [MFA]) and authorization using adaptive access. Lastly, AM can provide identity context for other cybersecurity tools to enable identity-first security.
Gartner defines identity governance and administration (IGA) as the solution to manage the identity life cycle and govern access across on-premises and cloud environments. To accomplish this, IGA tools aggregate and correlate disparate identity and access rights data, and provide full capability controls over accounts and associated access. IGA solutions also fulfill the purpose of unifying and correlating identity data for organizations with multiple person and machine identity authoritative sources. This is done to provide a single view of identity (system of record) for their dependent processes and systems
Gartner defines insider risk management as a methodology that includes the tools and capabilities to measure, detect and contain undesirable behavior of trusted accounts in the organization. It includes solutions that monitor the behavior of employees, service partners and key suppliers working inside the organization. These tools then evaluate whether behavior falls within the expectations of the role and corporate risk tolerance. For CISOs and cybersecurity leaders, insider risk management refers to the use of technical solutions to solve a fundamentally human problem. Managing insider risks requires collaboration among many cross-functional partners. Components of an insider risk management methodology are policies, guidelines and investigative work that fall outside the bounds of a typical cybersecurity organization. For our purposes, the insider risk management market consists of tools and solutions that monitor the behavior of employees, service partners and key suppliers working inside the organization. It evaluates whether behavior falls within the expectations of the role and corporate risk tolerance.
Gartner defines privileged access management (PAM) as tools that provide an elevated level of technical access through the management and protection of accounts, credentials and commands, which are used to administer or configure systems and applications. PAM tools — available as software, SaaS or hardware appliances — manage privileged access for both people (system administrators and others) and machines (systems or applications). Gartner defines four distinct tool categories for PAM tools: privileged account and session management (PASM), privilege elevation and delegation management (PEDM), secrets management, and cloud infrastructure entitlement management (CIEM).
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