Gartner defines K-12 learning management systems (LMSs) as the core teaching and learning technology environment, with connections to a range of internal and external tools and services that support learning. LMSs are moving beyond the administration of learning resources. They are increasingly designed to support pedagogical activities such as developing and tracking assignments and assessments; managing online interactions and collaborations among teachers and students; and communication with administrators and parents/guardians. Increasingly, LMSs offer advanced reporting and analytics capabilities, and are usually integrated with the student information system (SIS). In K-12, several vendors offer the SIS and LMS combined into one product.
The student information system of the typical K-12 organization continues to sit at the center of nearly all its data management. It provides back-office administrator functionality, as well as student-, parent- and faculty-facing functionality to manage key organizational information assets. Such assets include not only demographic data, enrollment, grades, and transcripts, but also state or other governmental agency reporting capabilities. Systems vary widely in size; scope; state, regional or national markets; and functional capability — and they range from individual components to enterprise-wide integrated solutions. They also function as the system of record for several other critical applications, including the LMS, demanding interoperability.